Significance of Architecture During the Period of Mughals

Published on 13 Sep 2025

The Mughal Empire, founded by Babar in 1526 which thrived in India till 19th century, witnessed a remarkable era of architectural achievements. Mughal architecture fused elements of Islamic, Persian, and Indian styles, resulting in grand structures known for their elegance, intricacy, and scale.

Architectural innovation

Monumental Gateways: This showcases the monumental scale, intricately carved motifs, and grandeur characteristic of Mughal architecture.

Example: Buland Darwaza in Fatehpur Sikri.

Gardens and Charbagh Layouts: symmetrical charbagh garden layout with reflecting pools, pathways, and meticulously planned green spaces. Monumental buildings surrounded by gardens on all four sides.

Example: Taj Mahal in Agra

Bulbous Domes and Minarets: The bulbous domes and slender minarets are iconic features of Mughal architecture.

Example: Jama Masjid in Delhi.

Pachisi Court: Pachisi Court or a life-size board for the traditional Indian board game Pachisi. This architectural element showcases the integration of leisure and administration in Mughal palaces.

Example: Diwan-i-Aam in Fatehpur Sikri with pachisi court.

Materials used

White marble and red sandstone: Red sandstone was used for the construction of walls, domes, and minarets. Marble was used for intricate carvings and calligraphy.

Example: Agra Fort displays the use of red sandstone for the exterior walls, adorned with white marble inlays.

Decorative Elements

Intricate Inlay Work: Intricate inlay work of semi-precious stones, floral patterns, and calligraphy can be seen.

Example: Humayun's Tomb in Delhi

Pietra Dura: This technique involves the use of semiprecious stones to create elaborate floral and geometric patterns on marble surfaces.

Example: Itimad-ud-Daulah's Tomb in Agra

Use of Chhatri: Chhatri are semi-open, elevated, dome-shaped pavilions used as an element in Indo-Islamic architecture and Indian architecture.

Example: Panch Mahal fatehpur sikri

The Mughals' architectural contributions had a lasting impact on Indian architecture. Their buildings were used as models for later Indian buildings, and their use of white marble and intricate jaali work became popular trends in Indian architecture.