Orthodox school Vs Heterodox orthodox school



Published on 26 Oct 2025

Criteria

Orthodox School (Astika)

Heterodox School (Nastika)


Acceptance of Vedas

Accept the Vedas as authoritative and divinely revealed.

Reject the Vedas as not divinely revealed or ultimate sources of knowledge.


Belief in Dharma and Karma

Emphasize the concepts of dharma (ethical duties) and karma (law of cause and effect).


May not emphasize dharma and karma as central principles.

Prominence of Vedic Rituals

Give importance to Vedic rituals and sacrifices.

May not give significance to Vedic rituals.

Examples

Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Samkhya, Yoga, Mimamsa, Vedanta.

Charvaka (Lokayata), Buddhism, Jainism.

Tags:
History & Culture

Keywords:
Orthodox school Heterodox orthodox school Indian Philosophies Philosophy Astika Nastika Veda vedas Dharma Karma Nyaya Vaisheshika Samkhya Yoga Mimamsa Vedanta Charvaka Lokayata Buddhism Jainism

Syllabus:
General Studies Paper 1

Topics:
Indian Heritage and Culture