Orthodox school Vs Heterodox orthodox school

Published on 26 Oct 2025

Criteria	Orthodox School (Astika)	Heterodox School (Nastika)
Acceptance of Vedas	Accept the Vedas as authoritative and divinely revealed.	Reject the Vedas as not divinely revealed or ultimate sources of knowledge.
Belief in Dharma and Karma	Emphasize the concepts of dharma (ethical duties) and karma (law of cause and effect).	May not emphasize dharma and karma as central principles.
Prominence of Vedic Rituals	Give importance to Vedic rituals and sacrifices.	May not give significance to Vedic rituals.
Examples	Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Samkhya, Yoga, Mimamsa, Vedanta.	Charvaka (Lokayata), Buddhism, Jainism.

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