Indian system of medicine

Published on 26 Oct 2025

The Indian system of medicine, also known as traditional or indigenous medicine, comprises several ancient healthcare systems that have been practiced in India for thousands of years.

These systems are based on holistic principles, emphasizing the balance between the body, mind, and spirit. The Indian system of medicine is diverse and includes the following major systems:

Ayurveda: It is a holistic healthcare system that focuses on promoting overall well-being through a balance of the three doshas (Vata, Pitta, and Kapha). Ayurveda uses natural remedies, including herbal medicines, diet, yoga, and lifestyle practices, to prevent and treat illnesses.
Yoga: Although commonly known as a system of physical exercise, yoga is an integral part of the Indian system of medicine. Yoga practices, including asanas (postures), pranayama (breathing exercises), and meditation, are used to promote physical and mental health.
Unani Medicine: Unani medicine originated in ancient Greece and was later developed and refined by Persian and Arab physicians. It was introduced to India by Muslim scholars. Unani medicine uses a combination of herbal medicines, dietary interventions, and regimental therapies to balance the four humors (Akhlat) and maintain health.
Siddha Medicine: Siddha medicine is an ancient system of medicine that originated in the Tamil region of India. It is based on the concept of the five elements and the importance of maintaining balance between them for good health. Siddha medicine uses herbs, minerals, and metals to treat various ailments.
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM): Though not originally from India, Traditional Chinese Medicine has also been practiced and integrated into the Indian system of medicine. TCM includes acupuncture, herbal medicine, cupping therapy, and qigong to promote health and treat diseases.
Homeopathy: Homeopathy, introduced to India during the colonial period, is a system of medicine based on the principle of "like cures like." It uses highly diluted substances from natural sources to stimulate the body's healing abilities.