Pro-tem Speaker

• The term “pro-tem” is derived from Latin, meaning “for the time being.”

• The Pro-tem Speaker is a temporary appointee who presides over the initial proceedings of a newly elected legislative body until a permanent Speaker is elected.

• Usually, the senior-most member of the house assumes this role.

• The office of the Speaker becomes vacant immediately before the first meeting of the newly elected house.

• The Pro-tem Speaker ensures the smooth functioning of the inaugural session.

Duties of Pro-tem Speaker:

• First Sitting: The Pro-tem Speaker presides over the first sitting of the Lok Sabha (or state legislative assembly).

• Oath Administration: Administers the oath of office to the newly elected Members of Parliament (MPs) or Members of Legislative Assembly (MLAs).

• Speaker Election: Conducts the election for the permanent Speaker and Deputy Speaker.

• Floor Test: Ensures the floor test to determine the majority in case of a hung assembly.

Constitutional Context:

• Article 180(1) of the Constitution empowers the Governor to appoint a Pro-tem Speaker.