Participating in the monthly quiz helps you consolidate your learning and identify areas that need improvement. Regular monthly practice enhances retention, sharpens recall, and boosts your confidence for the examination. By covering a wide range of topics at the end of each month, you ensure thorough revision and stay on track with the syllabus.
Q1) Consider the following statements with reference to title and mutation of land:
1.Title refers to the legal ownership of property, establishing a person’s lawful right over land or immovable property.
2.Mutation is the process of updating land revenue records to reflect changes in ownership due to sale, inheritance, or gift.
3.Mutation by itself confers conclusive ownership rights over the property.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Q2) Consider the following statements regarding PRAGATI (Pro-Active Governance and Timely Implementation):
1.PRAGATI is a multi-purpose ICT platform launched in 2015 under the Prime Minister’s Office to enable real-time monitoring and review of government projects.
2. It functions through a three-tier structure involving the Prime Minister, Union Government Secretaries, and State Chief Secretaries.
3. Under PRAGATI, the Prime Minister chairs weekly review meetings focused only on public grievance redressal.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Q3) Consider the following statements regarding the National IED Data Management System (NIDMS):
1.NIDMS is a centralised and secure national platform for the systematic management of data related to Improvised Explosive Device (IED) incidents in India.
2.NIDMS has been developed by the National Investigation Agency (NIA) in coordination with the Ministry of Home Affairs.
3. NIDMS supports prevention, investigation, and response mechanisms through data analytics and AI-based integration with other security databases to strengthen the national security grid.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Q4) Consider the following statements:
1.Census towns are identified by the Census Commissioner and the Registrar General of India based on demographic and occupational criteria, even if they lack an urban local body.
2. Statutory towns are notified as urban areas by State governments and are governed by municipalities or similar urban local bodies.
3. All census towns automatically become statutory towns after every Census.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Q5) Consider the following statements:
1. The choice of 26th January as Republic Day symbolically links the Purna Swaraj declaration of 1930 with the coming into force of the Constitution in 1950.
2. The Constitution of India was adopted on 26th November 1949 and replaced the Government of India Act, 1935 when it came into force.
3. The theme of the 77th Republic Day celebrations was “150 Years of Vande Mataram”.
4. The 77th Republic Day Parade featured a Battle Array format by the Indian Army for the first time.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Q6) Consider the following statements regarding the Governor’s address to the State Legislature:
1. The Governor is required to address the State Legislature at the commencement of the first session after a general election and at the first session of every year.
2. The content of the Governor’s address is prepared by the Council of Ministers.
3. The Motion of Thanks on the Governor’s Address allows discussion on policy matters referred to in the address.
4. The Governor has discretionary powers in delivering the address to the State Legislature.
How many of the above statement/s is/are incorrect?
Q7) With reference to India’s malaria elimination efforts, consider the following statements:
1. Under the National Framework for Malaria Elimination (2016–2030), India aims to eliminate indigenous malaria cases by 2030.
2. The World Health Organization certifies a country as malaria-free after two consecutive years of zero indigenous transmission nationwide.
3. India was included in the WHO High Burden to High Impact (HBHI) group in 2024 due to an increase in malaria cases.
Which of the statements given above are incorrect?
Q8) With reference to the National Investigation Agency (NIA), consider the following statements:
1. The NIA was established under a law enacted in 2008 to investigate terrorism related offences with inter State and international linkages.
2. The NIA functions exclusively under the Union Government and States have no role once a case is taken up by the Agency.
3. The NIA Act provides for the establishment of Special Courts for speedy trial of NIA cases.
How many of the above statement/s is/are incorrect?
Q9) With reference to the doctrine of reasonable classification under Article 14 of the Constitution of India, consider the following statements:
1. Intelligible differentia requires that the classification under a law must be based on a clear and identifiable criterion that distinguishes those included from those excluded.
2. Rational nexus means that there must be a logical connection between the basis of classification and the objective sought to be achieved by the law.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Q10) With reference to the debate on numerals in the Constituent Assembly and Article 343 of the Constitution of India, consider the following statements:
1. The Constituent Assembly unanimously supported the adoption of international numerals due to their widespread use in administration.
2. Article 343(1) adopted the Devanagari form of numerals as the mandatory numeral system for all official purposes of the Union.
3. Under Article 343(2), the President could permanently decide the official numeral system of the Union without parliamentary approval.
4. In the absence of a law enacted by Parliament under Article 343(3), international numerals continued to be used for official purposes.
Which of the statements given above are incorrect?
Q11) With reference to the Press Council of India, consider the following statements:
1. The Press Council of India is a statutory, quasi-judicial and autonomous body established under the Press Council Act, 1978.
2. The Chairman of the Press Council of India is mandatorily a sitting judge of the Supreme Court of India.
3. The Press Council of India can impose monetary penalties and suspend the registration of newspapers.
4. The Council includes representatives from journalists, newspaper owners, Members of Parliament and bodies such as the UGC and Bar Council of India.
Which of the statements given above are incorrect?
Q12) With reference to initiatives under the Startup India programme, consider the following statements:
1. The Startup India Seed Fund Scheme (SISFS) provides financial assistance for proof of concept, prototype development, product trials, market entry, and commercialisation.
2. Under the Credit Guarantee Scheme for Startups (CGSS), credit guarantees are provided only for loans given by public sector banks.
3. The Fund of Funds for Startups (FFS) invests directly in startups through equity participation.
4. BHASKAR (Bharat Startup Knowledge Access Registry) provides unique IDs and a centralised digital platform connecting startups with investors, mentors, service providers, and government agencies, especially benefiting non-metro regions.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Q13) With reference to the removal of a Judge of a High Court, consider the following statements:
1. A High Court Judge can be removed only by an order of the President after an address by both Houses of Parliament in the same session.
2. The motion for removal must be passed in each House of Parliament by a simple majority of members present and voting.
3. The grounds for removal of a High Court Judge are proved misbehaviour or incapacity.
4. Under the Judges Enquiry Act, 1968, the inquiry committee consists of a Supreme Court Judge, a Chief Justice of a High Court, and a distinguished jurist.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Q14) Consider the following statements regarding the National Center for Vector Borne Diseases Control (NCVBDC):
1. NCVBDC functions under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and administers the National Vector Borne Diseases Control Programme (NVBDCP).
2. Malaria, Dengue and Japanese Encephalitis are targeted for elimination under NVBDCP.
3. The implementation of vector-borne disease control programmes lies with the States/UTs, while NCVBDC provides technical and financial support under the National Health Mission.
4. Regional Offices for Health and Family Welfare support NCVBDC in entomological studies, drug resistance monitoring and capacity building of States.
How many of the above statement/s is/are incorrect?
Q15) .The Financial Fraud Risk Indicator (FRI), recently seen in the news, has been introduced by:
Q16).
With reference to the Beating Retreat Ceremony in India, consider the following statements:
1.It marks the formal conclusion of Republic Day celebrations.
2.It is held annually on January 29 at Vijay Chowk, New Delhi.
3.The ceremony includes musical performances by bands of the Armed Forces and Central Armed Police Forces (CAPF).
4.It is presided over by the Prime Minister of India.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Q17) .With reference to the Padma Awards, consider the following statements:
1.The Padma Awards were instituted in 1954 and are announced annually on the eve of Republic Day.
2.The Padma Awards are given in four categories, with Bharat Ratna being the highest among them.
3.The Padma Awards Committee is constituted every year by the Prime Minister of India.
4.Self-nomination is not permitted for the Padma Awards.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Q18).The Viksit Bharat Shiksha Adhishthan, recently seen in the news, refers to:
Q19) .Operation TRASHI-I, recently seen in the news, refers to:
Q20) .Consider the following statements regarding the India International Institute of Democracy and Election Management (IIIDEM):
1.It was established by the Election Commission of India as its advanced training and resource wing.
2.It functions as a global capacity-building and knowledge centre for democracy and electoral management.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Q21) .With reference to the Bureau of Port Security (BoPS), consider the following statements:
1.The Bureau of Port Security has been constituted as a statutory body under the Merchant Shipping Act, 2025.
2.It functions under the Ministry of Home Affairs.
3.It is responsible for regulatory oversight of security of ships and port facilities, including enforcement of the ISPS Code.
4.Under the BoPS framework, the CISF is designated as a recognised security organisation for ports.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Q22) .
With reference to the UMANG platform, consider the following statements:
1.UMANG is an initiative of the National e-Governance Division (NeGD) under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY).
2.It provides access only to Central Government services and excludes State-level services.
3.UMANG delivers services through multiple digital channels, including mobile apps, web portal, chatbots, and voice-based interfaces.
4.It was launched as part of the Digital India initiative to improve the ease of living for citizens.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Q23) .
With reference to the BioE3 (Biotechnology for Economy, Environment and Employment) Policy, consider the following statements:
1.It is India’s first dedicated biotechnology policy focused on high-performance biomanufacturing.
2.It provides a framework for implementing the Biomanufacturing and Biofoundry Initiative.
3.The policy aims to shift India’s manufacturing model from regenerative principles to a consumptive manufacturing paradigm.
4.It promotes the use of biomass and waste resources to produce bio-based products.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Q24) .
With reference to the Forest Survey of India (FSI), consider the following statements:
1.It functions under the Union Ministry of Environment and Forests and is responsible for regular assessment and monitoring of forest resources in India.
2.It was established in 1981, succeeding the Pre-investment Survey of Forest Resources (PISFR).
3.The National Commission on Agriculture (1976) recommended a national forest survey organisation, leading to the establishment of FSI.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Q25) .
With reference to the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India (CAG), consider the following statements:
1.The CAG is appointed by the President of India and can be removed only in like manner and on like grounds as a Judge of the Supreme Court.
2.The reports of the CAG of India relating to the accounts of a State shall be submitted to the Governor of the State, who shall cause them to be laid before the Legislature of the State.
3.The accounts of the Union and of the States shall be kept in such form as the President may, on the advice of the CAG of India, prescribe.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Q26) .The term “Romeo-Juliet Clause”, recently seen in the news, refers to:
Q27) .
With reference to the National e-Governance Division (NeGD), consider the following statements:
1.It was established in 2009 under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY).
2.It functions as an Independent Business Division under the Digital India Corporation, a Section 8 not-for-profit company.
3.NeGD has developed and manages several National Public Digital Platforms such as DigiLocker and UMANG.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Q28) .
Operation Sadbhavana, recently seen in the news, is an initiative of which of the following?
Q29) .
Tex-RAMPS, recently seen in the news, refers to:
Q30) .With reference to the Green India Mission (GIM), consider the following statements:
1.The Green India Mission is one of the eight National Missions under the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC).
2.GIM emphasises ecosystem-based restoration, including biodiversity, wetlands, mangroves, and critical habitats, along with carbon sequestration.
3.The Mission promotes convergence with allied schemes and programmes for integrated forest and landscape management.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Q31) .With reference to the National Quality Assurance Standards (NQAS), consider the following statements:
1.NQAS are currently available for District Hospitals, CHCs, PHCs and Urban PHCs.
2.Standards are primarily meant for providers to assess their own quality for improvement through pre-defined standards and to bring up their facilities for certification.
3.The NQAS are broadly arranged under 8 "Areas of Concern"- Service Provision, Patient Rights, Inputs, Support Services, Clinical Care, Infection Control, Quality Management and Outcome.
4.NQAS are ISQua-accredited, indicating compliance with international quality benchmarks.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Q32) Consider the following statements regarding the Thamirabarani river:
1. The Thamirabarani is a perennial river in Tamil Nadu, originating from the Agastyarkoodam peak of the Pothigai Hills in the Western Ghats.
2. It flows through Tirunelveli and Thoothukudi districts and drains into the Bay of Bengal near Chennai.
3.The river is historically known by names such as Porunai and Than Porunai.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Q33) Consider the following States:
1.Telangana
2.Odisha
3.Chhattisgarh
4. Maharashtra
5. Jharkhand
The Dandakaranya region extends to how many of the above states?
Q34) Consider the following statements regarding Greenland
1. Greenland is the world’s largest island, with about two-thirds of its area lying within the Arctic Circle.
2. Greenland is a fully sovereign nation with independent control over defence and foreign affairs.
3. The Greenland Ice Sheet covers less than half of the island’s land area.
4. Greenland has gained strategic importance due to its Arctic location, mineral resources, and recent geopolitical interest linked to NATO.
Which of the statements given above are incorrect?
Q35) Consider the following statements with reference to the Financial Stability Report (FSR):
1. The Financial Stability Report is a biannual publication of the Reserve Bank of India, released in June and December, assessing risks to India’s financial system.
2.The Report represents the collective assessment of the Sub-Committee of the Financial Stability and Development Council.
3. The FSR conducts stress tests on banks and NBFCs and uses the Systemic Risk Survey (SRS) to assess perceptions of systemic risks.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Q36) Consider the following statements regarding the Electronics Component Manufacturing Scheme:
1. The scheme was launched in April 2025 as the first Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme exclusively focused on passive electronic components such as resistors, capacitors, speakers, and microphones.
2. It provides incentives only in the form of turnover-linked incentives, with rates fixed uniformly at 10% for all components.
3.Active electronic components are covered under the India Semiconductor Mission, and not under this scheme.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Q37) The report titled “India’s Booming Gig and Platform Economy”, recently seen in the news, was released by:
Q38) What is Penny Drop Verification?
Q39) With reference to Virtual Digital Assets (VDA), consider the following statements:
1.It includes any code generated through cryptographic means that can be transferred, stored or traded electronically.
2.A Tax Deducted at Source (TDS) of 1% is levied on the transfer of all VDA transactions in India.
3.A subscription to an Over-The-Top (OTT) platform is treated as a VDA for taxation purposes.
How many of the above given statement(s) is/are correct?
Q40) Consider the following statements:
1. A good is said to have perfectly elastic demand when a very small change in price leads to an infinite change in quantity demanded.
2. If the value of price elasticity of demand is less than 1, the demand is elastic in nature.
3. Unitary elasticity exists when the percentage change in quantity demanded is exactly equal to the percentage change in price.
4. Goods that are necessary in nature and have close substitutes generally show highly inelastic demand.
How many of the above statements are incorrect?
Q41) Consider the following statements regarding State Development Loans (SDLs):
1. State Development Loans are issued by State Governments, while the Reserve Bank of India coordinates their auction and sale.
2. SDLs are issued through multiple-price auctions and offer coupon rates generally lower than Government of India Securities (G-Secs) of similar maturity.
3. SDLs qualify for Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) and are eligible for Liquidity Adjustment Facility (LAF) Repo operations.
4. Interest on SDLs is paid annually, and stamp duty is payable on their transfer.
How many of the above statement/s is/are correct?
Q42) Consider the following statements regarding Catastrophe Bonds (CAT bonds):
1. CAT bonds transfer the financial risk of natural disasters from governments or insurers to capital market investors.
2. In India, all States currently have CAT bonds in operation.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Q43) Consider the following statements regarding the Unified Payments Interface (UPI):
1. UPI enables users to link multiple bank accounts on a single mobile application and facilitates seamless fund transfers and merchant payments.
2. UPI supports non-financial transactions such as mobile banking registration, OTP generation, PIN setting/change, transaction status checks, and grievance redressal.
3. UPI allows 24×7 instant money transfers with two-factor authentication and supports both person-to-person (P2P) and merchant payments.
4. The pilot launch of UPI was conducted on 11 April 2016 by Dr Raghuram G Rajan during his tenure as Governor of the Reserve Bank of India.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Q44) Consider the following statements regarding the Index of Industrial Production (IIP):
1. The IIP is compiled and released by the Economic Statistics Division of the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI).
2. It is published on the 28th of every month, and the current base year is 2011–12.
3. The IIP covers the sectors of Mining, Manufacturing, and Electricity.
4. The Government has proposed 2022–23 as the new base year for the IIP.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Q45) With reference to Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs), consider the following statements:
1. CBDCs are digital tokens issued by commercial banks under the supervision of the central bank.
2. In India, the e-rupee is stored in a digital wallet that is separate from a traditional bank account.
3. Transactions through CBDCs and UPI are identical, as both involve transfer of money between bank accounts.
4. Unlike private cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, CBDCs are issued by a central authority and are backed by sovereign guarantee.
Which of the statements given above are incorrect?
Q46) Consider the following statements with reference to the International Year of Rangelands and Pastoralists (IYRP):
1.The United Nations General Assembly unanimously designated 2026 as the International Year of Rangelands and Pastoralists in March 2022.
2. The resolution for IYRP was spearheaded by the Government of Mongolia and was co-sponsored by more than 60 countries.
3.The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations is the lead agency for implementing IYRP, and the initiative aligns with the UN’s 2030 Agenda through the “Four Betters” framework.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Q47) With reference to the region of Somaliland, consider the following places/countries:
1.Djibouti
2. Ethiopia
3. Eritrea
4.Somalia
Which of the above share a land boundary with Somaliland?
Q48) Consider the following statements regarding the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC):
1.The IPCC was established in 1988 by the World Meteorological Organization and the United Nations Environment Programme.
2. The IPCC conducts original climate research and directly monitors climate-related data.
3. IPCC Assessment Reports serve as key scientific inputs to climate negotiations under the UNFCCC.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Q49) Which of the following are initiatives of the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue?
1. Indo-Pacific Partnership for Maritime Domain Awareness (IPMDA)
2. Maritime Initiative for Training in the Indo-Pacific (MAITRI)
3. Ports for the Future Partnership
4.Operation Aspides
Select the correct answer using the code below:
Q50) Consider the following statements regarding the Article 51 of the UN Charter:
1. Article 51 recognises the inherent right of individual and collective self-defence.
2.The right under Article 51 can be exercised only in response to an armed attack.
3. The use of force under Article 51 must satisfy the principles of necessity and proportionality.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Q51) The TRUST initiative and the Strategic Minerals Recovery Initiative are part of cooperation between India and which of the following partners?
Q52) With reference to the Maritime Labour Convention (MLC), 2006, consider the following statements:
1.The Convention was adopted by the International Labour Organization to consolidate international maritime labour standards and is known as the “Seafarers’ Bill of Rights.”
2.The Convention applies to all types of sea-going vessels, including warships and fishing vessels, without any exception.
3.India has ratified the Convention, and it is regarded as the fourth pillar of international maritime regulation along with International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, MARPOL and International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Q53) The Palermo Protocol, recently seen in the news, is related to which one of the following?
Q54) “Operation Promising Future” recently seen in the news most aptly refers to:
Q55) Consider the following statements about the Artemis Accords:
1. The Artemis Accords are a legally binding treaty governing activities in outer space.
2. They are based on the Outer Space Treaty, 1967, and promote peaceful civil space exploration.
3. India became a signatory to the Artemis Accords in June 2023.
4. Oman became the sixty-first signatory to the Artemis Accords in January 2026.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Q56) With reference to the United Nations Convention against Cybercrime, consider the following statements:
1. It is the first comprehensive global treaty aimed at preventing cybercrime and facilitating international cooperation in sharing electronic evidence.
2. The Convention was adopted by the UN General Assembly in December 2024 and opened for signature in Hanoi in October 2025.
3. It will enter into force only after ratification or accession by at least 72 States.
4. India, the United States, Japan, and Canada are among the countries that have not signed the Convention so far.
How many of the above statement/s is/are correct?
Q57) .The Energy Transition Index, recently seen in the news, is released by:
Q58).With reference to Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR), consider the following statements:
1.MERCOSUR was originally established by Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay.
2.Spanish and Portuguese are the official working languages of Mercosur.
3.Venezuela is a full and active member of MERCOSUR as of early 2026
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Q59) .With reference to the Capricorn Bioceanic Corridor (CBC), recently seen in the news, which of the following best describes it?
Q60) .
The term “trade bazooka”, recently seen in the news, refers to:
Q61) .The Bay of Pigs invasion, recently seen in the news, refers to:
Q62).
With reference to the International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI), consider the following statements:
1.ICRI is an informal and non-binding partnership of countries and organisations.
2.It was launched in 1994 in Barbados at a United Nations conference on Small Island Developing States.
3.The Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network (GCRMN) functions as the operational network of ICRI.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Q63) .With reference to the United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC), consider the following statements:
1.The United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) is the only legally binding universal anti-corruption instrument.
2.It was drafted and negotiated in Vienna, Austria in 2002-2003 and subsequently adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 31 October 2003.
3.The Convention also serves as a crucial tool driving the 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals forward.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Q64) .Consider the following statements regarding the Asia Pacific Leaders Malaria Alliance (APLMA):
1.APLMA unites 22 governments in Asia Pacific who have committed to eliminating malaria in the region by 2030
2.India is a member of APLMA.
3.The APLMA Secretariat was established at the 8th East Asia Summit in 2013.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Q65) .
With reference to the initiative “Pax Silica”, consider the following statements:
1.It is a U.S.-led strategic initiative aimed at building a secure and resilient silicon and semiconductor supply chain.
2.Pax Silica seeks to reduce coercive dependencies and promote cooperation among trusted, like-minded partners.
3.It is designed as a zero-sum strategy to isolate countries outside the partnership.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Q66) .The Monroe Doctrine, recently seen in the news, refers to:
Q67) .Which of the following countries border the Caribbean Sea?
Q68) .Exercise “Tiger Claw”, recently seen in the news, is a joint military exercise between which of the following countries?
Q69) Consider the following statements regarding the National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA):
1.NMSA was launched in 2014-15 as a component of India’s National Action Plan on Climate Change to promote climate-resilient agriculture.
2.The mission primarily targets regions with less than or equal to 30% irrigation coverage, with a focus on integrated farming systems such as crops, livestock, and agroforestry.
3.NMSA promotes soil health cards, water conservation measures, nutrient management, and micro-irrigation to enhance sustainable agricultural productivity.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Q70) With reference to Vulture Safe Zones (VSZs), consider the following statements:
1.A Vulture Safe Zone generally covers a radius of about 100 kilometres around vulture breeding or foraging sites.
2.In India, the VSZ initiative is led by the Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS) in collaboration with international conservation organisations and government authorities.
3.VSZs promote the continued use of diclofenac in controlled quantities along with population monitoring.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Q71) With reference to international cooperation mechanisms under the Paris climate framework, consider the following statements:
1. Countries can use internationally transferred mitigation outcomes to meet their national climate targets, subject to agreed accounting and reporting rules.
2. A UNFCCC-governed crediting mechanism has been created to enable trading of high-quality carbon credits, replacing the earlier Clean Development Mechanism.
3. Non-market approaches focus on carbon credit trading among countries to reduce emissions.
4. India operationalised its participation in international carbon markets in August 2025 by signing a Joint Crediting Mechanism with Japan.
How many of the above statement/s is/are incorrect?
Q72) With reference to biofuels, land use, and solar-powered electrified transport, consider the following statements:
1. Biofuels contribute only a small share of global transport energy, and their climate benefits may be limited once full lifecycle emissions and land-use opportunity costs are considered.
2. Using land currently under biofuel cultivation for solar power generation could yield significantly more usable energy than producing liquid biofuels on the same land.
3. Electrification of global road transport would allow the total energy demand of cars and trucks to be met by solar power using only a fraction of the land presently devoted to biofuels.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Q73) Consider the following statements regarding the Indo-Pacific leopard shark:
1. The Indo-Pacific leopard shark (Stegostoma tigrinum) is listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List
2. The species has two distinct subpopulations separated by the Indonesian Throughflow Current, aligned with the Wallace Line.
3. The StAR Project, launched in 2020, is the world’s first conservation translocation programme for a shark species.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Q74) With reference to Kaziranga National Park, consider the following statements:
1. Kaziranga National Park is located in Assam along the Brahmaputra River to the north and the Karbi Anglong Hills to the south.
2. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and hosts the world’s largest population of the Great Indian one-horned rhinoceros.
3. Kaziranga was first declared a National Park in 1950 and later upgraded to a Wildlife Sanctuary in 1974.
4. Recently, the Prime Minister launched an elevated wildlife corridor project through Kaziranga to reduce human–wildlife conflict.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Q75) Leptobrachium mechuka and Leptobrachium somani, recently seen in the news, are:
Q76) .The Chitwan National Park recently seen in the news is located in which one of the following countries?
Q77) A Biofoundry, as referred to in recent biotechnology policy initiatives, is best defined as:
Q78) Abhayrab, recently seen in the news, is related to which of the following?
Q79) Consider the following statements regarding Samudra Pratap:
1.Samudra Pratap is the first indigenously designed and built pollution control vessel of the Indian Coast Guard, with more than 60% indigenous content.
2. The vessel can achieve speeds of over 22 knots and has an endurance of about 6,000 nautical miles, enabling long-duration maritime operations.
3.Samudra Pratap is equipped with advanced oil-spill detection and pollution response systems and will be used for marine pollution control, maritime law enforcement, search and rescue, and protection of India’s EEZ.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Q80) Consider the following statements regarding biomaterials:
1.Drop-in biomaterials are chemically identical to petroleum-based materials and can be processed using existing manufacturing infrastructure without major modifications.
2. Drop-out biomaterials are chemically different from conventional materials and generally require new processing methods or dedicated end-of-life systems such as specialised recycling or composting.
3.Novel biomaterials mainly focus on reducing dependence on fossil fuels and are limited to providing the same functional properties as conventional materials.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Q81) Consider the following statements regarding INSV Kaundinya:
1.It is a stitched sailing vessel inspired by a 5th-century ship depiction found in the Ajanta Caves paintings.
2.The vessel has been constructed using traditional techniques without metal nails and involved artisans from Kerala.
3.INSV Kaundinya was built exclusively by the Indian Navy to commemorate modern naval shipbuilding capabilities.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Q82) NARS-Net, recently seen in the news, is related to which one of the following?
Q83) Diethylene glycol (DEG) and Ethylene glycol (EG), recently seen in the news, are primarily associated with:
Q84) Consider the following statements regarding the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak:
1.EAST uses a tokamak design with strong magnetic fields to confine ultra-hot plasma for fusion research.
2.Nuclear fusion in the EAST involves splitting heavy atoms like uranium, producing long-lived radioactive waste.
3.EAST is located in Hefei, China, at the Institute of Plasma Physics.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Q85) Consider the following statements:
1.Artemis II will be the first mission since 1972 to carry humans to the vicinity of the Moon.
2.It is the second scheduled flight under the Artemis programme and the first crewed Artemis mission.
3.Artemis II will use the Space Launch System (SLS) rocket along with the Orion spacecraft for a lunar flyby.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Q86) Which one of the following terms best describes a digital strategy adopted by brands and influencers to maximise likes, comments, shares, and views by exploiting internet culture, trending formats, humour, and emotional triggers?
Q87) With reference to Phytoplasma-induced Root Wilt Disease, consider the following statements:
1.It is caused by a virus that infects the xylem tissue of coconuts.
2.The disease is transmitted by the plant hopper Proutista moesta.
3.Climate change induced heat and moisture stress can aggravate the severity and spread of this disease.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Q88) Consider the following statements about the Doomsday Clock:
1.The Doomsday Clock is a symbolic indicator showing how close humanity is to global catastrophe caused by human-made threats.
2. The Doomsday Clock has never been reset since it was created in 1947.
3. Since its creation, the Doomsday Clock has always moved closer to midnight whenever it was reset.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Q89) ExoMiner++ recently seen in news refers to:
Q90) With reference to gravitons and the gravito-phononic effect, consider the following statements:
1. The graviton is a hypothetical quantum particle proposed as the carrier of the gravitational force, analogous to the photon in electromagnetism.
2. Gravitational lensing refers to the bending of light from distant objects due to the gravitational field of massive bodies, as explained by general relativity.
3. The gravito-phononic effect describes discrete energy transfer from gravitational waves or gravitons to phonons in a quantum system.
4. A phonon is a quantised vibration of a mechanical or acoustic system.
5. Modern phonon-counting techniques may enable the detection of individual energy transitions in such systems.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Q91) The term “Smoking Gun Problem”, often seen in news related to scientific research, most aptly refers to:
Q92) Consider the following statements:
Statement-I:
Gut dysbiosis aggravates chronic inflammatory conditions such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, and atherosclerosis.
Statement-II:
An imbalance in gut microbiota due to factors like poor diet, overuse of antibiotics, and stress leads to persistent systemic inflammation.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
Q93) Project Suncatcher, recently seen in the news, is associated with:
Q94) .
With reference to Spina bifida, consider the following statements:
1.It is a birth defect resulting from the incomplete closure of the neural tube during early pregnancy.
2.Spina bifida always leads to severe physical disability in affected individuals.
3.Early surgical intervention can help manage the condition but may not fully restore lost function.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Q95) Consider the following statements regarding the Indian Lighthouse Festival (Bharatiya Prakash Stambh Utsav):
1. The festival is organised annually by the Ministry of Tourism to transform India's historic lighthouses into vibrant tourism destinations
2.The third edition of the festival will be held in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, in January 2026.
3.The festival supports the government’s lighthouse tourism initiative, which promotes development of lighthouse sites through public–private partnerships.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Q96) With reference to the Magh Mela, consider the following statements:
1.It is held every year at Prayagraj at the Triveni Sangam of the Ganga, Yamuna and the mythical Saraswati.
2.Kalpavas, a month-long period of spiritual austerity on the riverbanks, is a distinctive feature of the Magh Mela.
3.It has been inscribed by UNESCO as Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Q97) Which of the following statements about Puppetry traditions in India is/are correct?
1. Kathputli is a traditional string puppet show of Rajasthan where the puppets have no legs and are controlled by strings attached to the puppeteer’s fingers.
2. Togalu Gombeyatta is a shadow puppet theatre from Karnataka where puppet size indicates social status.
3. Pavakoothu glove puppetry from Kerala is influenced by the Kathakali dance form and uses puppets decorated with colorful headgear and face paint.
4. Yampuri is a type of rod puppet from Bengal with puppets carved from a single piece of wood without joints.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
Q98) With reference to Piprahwa, consider the following statements:
1. Piprahwa is located near the India-Nepal border and is associated with ancient Kapilavastu, the homeland of Gautama Buddha.
2. It is identified as one of the eight original stupas built to enshrine the Buddha’s relics after his cremation at Kushinagar.
Which of the statements given above is/are incorrect?
Q99) .With reference to Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose, consider the following statements:
1.He was elected as the President of the INC in 1938 and 1939 but resigned due to differences with Mahatma Gandhi and other leaders over their non-violent approach.
2.He founded the Indian National Army (INA) in Japan during the Second World War.
3.His vision for India’s freedom was to leverage the support of Axis powers during World War II.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Q100) .With reference to the Jenu Kuruba tribe, consider the following statements:
1.The Jenu Kuruba are recognised as a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG).
2.They are primarily found in the Kodagu and Mysore districts of Karnataka.
3.The term “Jenu” in Jenu Kuruba refers to shifting cultivation practiced by the community.
4.Their language, Jenu Nudi, belongs to the Indo-Aryan language family.
Which of the statements given above are correct?