Published on 26 Oct 2025
The spread of Indian culture abroad, often referred to as Indian cultural diaspora, has been influenced by various historical, economic, and cultural factors. Indian culture has had a significant impact on neighboring regions and distant lands through trade, migration, religious missions, and cultural exchanges.
Southeast Asia: Indian traders and sailors established maritime trade routes with Southeast Asian countries. Indian cultural influence spread to countries like Indonesia, Cambodia, Thailand, and Vietnam.
Example: The temples of Angkor Wat in Cambodia and Prambanan in Indonesia showcase Indian architectural and religious influence.
Central Asia and Silk Road: Indian ideas, art, and scriptures were carried along the Silk Road by Buddhist monks and traders. Buddhist culture spread to Central Asian countries like Afghanistan and Uzbekistan.
Example: The Buddhas of Bamiyan in Afghanistan reflect Indian-influenced Buddhist art.
Sri Lanka: Buddhism, which originated in India, spread to Sri Lanka in the 3rd century BCE.
Example: The ancient city of Anuradhapura houses significant Buddhist relics and stupas.
South Asia: Indian culture has influenced neighboring countries like Nepal, Bhutan, and the Maldives.
Example: Nepalese art and religious practices show Indian Hindu and Buddhist influences.
Tibet: Indian Buddhist scholars and teachers introduced Buddhism to Tibet in the 8th century. Tibetan culture and religion have strong Indian Buddhist influences.
Example: Tibetan Buddhist monasteries and religious practices reflect Indian Buddhist traditions.
South East Africa: Indian culture spread to parts of South East Africa due to the migration of Indian laborers during the colonial period.
Example: Indian festivals like Diwali and Holi are celebrated in these countries.
Caribbean and Fiji: Indian culture was introduced to the Caribbean and Fiji through Indian indentured laborers. Indian communities in these regions have maintained their cultural traditions.
Example: Caribbean and Fijian cultures have blended Indian customs, music, dance, and cuisine with local influences.
North America: The Indian diaspora in the United States and Canada has spread Indian culture. Festivals, Bollywood films, Indian cuisine, and yoga have gained popularity.
Example: Indian festivals like Diwali are celebrated in various cities across North America.
History & Culture
Spread of Indian culture abroad
Indian cultural diaspora
Angkor Wat in Cambodia
Prambanan in Indonesia
Silk Road
silk route
Bamiyan Buddha
Anuradhapura
Buddhist relics
Tibetan Buddhist monasteries
General Studies Paper 1
Indian Heritage and Culture
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