Seasons of India | Month/ time of the year | Climatic conditions | Other feature |
Cold weather season/ winter season | November to march. | Clear sky, pleasant weather, low temperature, low humidity, high range of temperature, cool and slow north-east trade winds.
| Western disturbance: Western disturbance is an extra-tropical storm that originates in the Mediterranean region and brings rain and snow to the north-western parts of India. This moderates climate conditions in Northern India. Tropical cyclones: Season of lowest cyclonic activity because of low sea surface temperature.
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Hot weather season/ summer season | March to June | High temperature and low humidity, chances of heat waves. It is also referred to as Pre-Monsoon period. | Loo: Hot, dust laden and strong wind that originate over Iranian, Baloch and Thar deserts. It blows with an average speed of 30-40 km per hour and persists for days. Thunderstorms and precipitation: Bardoli Chheerha in Assam suitable for tea cultivation, Kalbaisakhi in Bengal, Mango showers in Kerala and Blossom Showers in Karnataka. Cyclones: Increased frequency of cyclones in the Indian Ocean region.
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South-West monsoon season | June to mid-September. | Unequal distribution characterised by monsoon breaks. Heavily influenced by topographic features and normally follows a fixed schedule. | Precipitation: Three fourths of the total annual rainfall is received during this season. The advance of the monsoon is much faster in the Bay of Bengal than in the Arabian Sea. Branches of south-west Monsoon: South-west monsoon splits into two branches. I.e., Arabian Sea branch and Bay of Bengal Branches.
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Retreating monsoon/ North-East Monsoon | Mid-September to November. | Gradual and steady retreating of monsoon, diurnal range of temperature increases due to lack of cloud cover. | Cyclones: Most devastating tropical cyclones majorly in Bay of Bengal and formation of cyclonic depressions. Precipitation: Majorly in Tamil Nadu and adjoining areas of Andra Pradesh. October heat: Post-monsoon surge in Indian temperatures, bringing humidity and discomfort before winter’s arrival.
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