Published on 13 Sep 2025
During the Delhi Sultanate period in India (12th to 16th century), several dynasties ruled and left a significant impact on architecture. Each dynasty introduced distinct characteristics to the architectural landscape.
Slave dynasty (1206-1290 AD): The Slave Dynasty, established by Qutub-ud-din Aibak, introduced the early Islamic architectural style in India
Remodeling of existing Hindu structures: Many existing Hindu structures were converted to mosques and other Islamic monuments.
Example: Qutub complex in Delhi
The use of arches and domes: The arcuate style replaced the trabeate style. This was a major innovation as it allowed for construction of larger and more complex structures.
Example: Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque in Delhi.
The use of mortar: Mortar was used as a cementing agent, it allowed for the construction of more durable and weather-resistant structures. It became increasingly common after the arrival of Islam.
Example: Adhai Din ka Jhonpra in Ajmer.
Introduced minarets: Having intricate carvings and stonework.
Example: Qutb minar in Delhi.
Khilji dynasty (1290-1320 AD): The Khalji/ Khilji dynasty was the second dynasty which ruled the Delhi sultanate, covering large parts of the Indian subcontinent for nearly three decades and was founded by Jalal ud din Firuz Khalji.
Dome shaped gates: square domed gatehouse with arched entrances and houses where a single chamber can be seen.
Example: Alai Darwaza in Qutb Complex.
Red sandstone: Red sandstone was heavily used for construction.
Example: Siri Fort
Tughlaq dynasty (1320-1413 AD): The Tughlaq dynasty was the third dynasty to rule over the Delhi sultanate in medieval India. Its reign started in 1320 in Delhi when Ghazi Malik assumed the throne under the title of Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq.
Batter Style: construction was introduced during this period. In this, sloping walls were used to provide more strength to the buildings.
Example: Tughlaqabad fort
Grey sandstone: was used during this period.
Example: Firozabad city
Arch and Lintel method: entrance was used for construction.
Example: Feroz Shah Kotla
Sayyid dynasty (1414-1451 AD): A total of four rulers ruled from 1414 to 1451, i.e., for about 37 years. It was founded by Khizr Khan Sayyid and ruled by three more kings. The last ruler of this Dynasty was Alauddin Alam Shah.
Use of wooden beams: Wooden beams were used as support for this new type of architecture.
Example: Tomb of Mubarak Shah
Tombs were eight-sided: Tombs were built of octagonal shapes.
Example: Muhammad Shah’s tomb
Lodi dynasty (1451-1526 AD): The Lodi dynasty, which existed from 1451 to 1526, was the last ruling dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate. Established by Bahlul Khan Lodi, it succeeded the Sayyid dynasty and marked the fifth and final dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate.
Double domes style: was used during this period to provide extra strength to the buildings.
Example: Bara Gumbad in Lodi Gardens
Tombs: were made in large numbers during this period. These tombs were hard and bare, no decoration was used.
Example: Lodi Garden Tombs in Delhi
Overall, the architectural achievements of the Delhi Sultanate left an indelible mark on India's rich architectural heritage, showcasing the harmonious amalgamation of diverse influences and the artistic genius of the time. It stands as a testament to the cultural and historical significance of this period in India's architectural history.
History & Culture
Significance of Architecture During the Period of Delhi Sultanate
Architecture
Indian Architecture
islamic Architecture
Delhi Sultanate
Slave dynasty
Qutub-ud-din Aibak
Qutub complex
Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque
arcuate style
trabeate style
arches
dome
Adhai Din ka Jhonpra
qutab minar
mortar
Khilji dynasty
Khalji
Alai Darwaza
siri
Tughlaq dynasty
Firozabad
Tughlaqabad
Feroz Shah Kotla
Sayyid dynasty
Muhammad Shah’s tomb
Tomb of Mubarak Shah
Lodi dynasty
Bara Gumbad
lodi
General Studies Paper 1
Art and Architecture