Published on 07 Feb 2025
Assam Rifles is a central paramilitary force responsible for border security, counter insurgency and maintaining law and order in Northeast India. Formed in 1835, it is administered by the Ministry of Home Affairs but is under the operational control of the Indian Army. Main function of Assam Rifles would include:
Border management: Assam Rifles is responsible for guarding India's border with Myanmar and works to prevent illegal immigration and smuggling along the border.
Counter insurgency: The north east region is notorious for frequent insurgency and the deployment of Assam Rifles has been crucial for maintaining peace in the region.
Example: Their role in countering insurgency in Manipur.
Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief: They provide aid and relief during natural disasters by engaging in rescue operations and distributing relief materials.
Example: Rescue operations during flood in Assam.
Civic Action programme: Actively take part in civic action programmes which aids in building trust among the locals.
Example: Assam Rifles conducting medical camps, education tour, career counselling etc. which benefits the society at large.
Security for development projects: Assam Rifles provides necessary protection and ensures that the developmental work is carried out without disruption.
Example: Construction activity under North East Special Infrastructure Development scheme has support from Assam Rifles for smooth operation.
Issues associated with Assam Rifles
Human rights violation: Assam Rifles has faced many accusations of human rights abuses like excessive use of force, extrajudicial killing and rapes.
Example: The infamous Operation Bluebird by Assam Rifles in Nagaland.
Coordination with local authority: They come into conflict with the local law enforcement agency which hinders efficient working of both forces.
Example: Manipur police filed an FIR against Assam Rifles for allowing Kuki militants to escape during the recent Manipur revolt.
Strained civilian relation: There have been instances of mistrust and strained relations between the force and the locals due to perceived heavy handedness or cultural differences.
Example: Intolerance towards cultural practices and use of excessive force under AFSPA has strained their relation with many groups.
Dual control: Assam Rifles is under the administrative control of Ministry of Home Affairs but is under the operational control of Ministry of Defence. This duality of control can result in lack of clarity while taking orders.
Instructure and logistics crisis: Supply of essential resources and communication facilities is difficult due to poorly developed infrastructure in the Northeast.
Example: Poor logistics affects rescue operations conducted by Assam Rifles during natural disasters.
Cultural sensitivity: Many Assam Rifle personnel may not be familiar with the ethnic and cultural practices of the locals which results in misunderstandings and conflicts.
Government interventions and way forward
Training and development: The Assam Rifles Training Centre in Nagaland provides specialized training in counter insurgency operation, human rights and disaster response.
Community engagement programmes: More civic action programmes need to be initiated to bridge the trust deficit.
Coordination with state police: Joint exercises should be made more frequent with provisions for intelligence sharing and proper communication mechanisms.
Infrastructure development: Better transportation, medical and communication facility for the smooth functioning of the force.
Promote local recruitment: Local recruits who are more familiar with the culture and geography of the region can bring better cooperation between the force and locals.
Security
Assam Rifles
National security architecture
Paramilitary forces
Indian Military
General Studies Paper 3
Internal Security