Development of Buddhism during the period of Ashoka

Published on 21 Oct 2025

Conversion and Patronage: Ashoka embraced Buddhism after witnessing the violence and devastation caused by the Kalinga War. His conversion to Buddhism led to his active promotion and patronage of the religion. He built numerous monasteries, stupas, and pillars to support the Buddhist community.

Spread of Buddhism: Ashoka's patronage and support led to the spread of Buddhism beyond the borders of India. He sent Buddhist missionaries to various regions, including Sri Lanka, Nepal, and Southeast Asia, contributing to the expansion and establishment of Buddhism in these areas.

Example: Ashoka had sent his son Mahendra and daughter Sanghamitra to Sri Lanka.

Edicts and Inscriptions: Ashoka's reign is renowned for his edicts and inscriptions, which were inscribed on pillars and rocks throughout his empire. These inscriptions conveyed his commitment to Buddhist principles and moral conduct, promoting social welfare, religious tolerance, and ethical governance.

Buddhist Councils: Ashoka convened the Third Buddhist Council at Pataliputra, which brought together Buddhist scholars and monks from various regions. This council aimed to preserve and consolidate the Buddhist scriptures and teachings, ensuring their accuracy and authenticity.
Dhamma Policy: Ashoka implemented his Dhamma policy, which aimed to promote moral and ethical values in society. He emphasized non-violence, tolerance, and compassion, and encouraged people to live virtuous lives. Ashoka's efforts to integrate Buddhist principles into the governance and administration of his empire influenced the moral fabric of society.

Example: The creation of Dhammamahamatiyas as a bureaucratic measure to spread Dhamma.

Support for Monastic Communities: Ashoka provided institutional support and resources for Buddhist monastic communities. He granted land, wealth, and other forms of patronage to monks and nuns, enabling them to continue their spiritual practices and contribute to the propagation of Buddhism.

Ashoka's Pilgrimage: Later in his life, Ashoka undertook a pilgrimage to Buddhist sites associated with Gautama Buddha. His pilgrimage not only reinforced his personal commitment to Buddhism but also contributed to the recognition and preservation of these sacred places.